How can one make them self sufficiently holy to participate in a Holy war?!
The question perplexed me as I heard it echo through the cold, silent auditorium. How is it even possible? Can a person ever be Holy enough to take the lives of other human beings? I thought the choice of life or death was meant to be only up to God?
Professor William Chester Gordon attempted to answer this question in his lecture Crusader Prologues: Preparing for War in the Gothic Age. He mentioned 6 specific tasks: confession, prayer, the blessing of weapons, the vesting of shields, the making and publishing of a will.
In the middle ages, confession was meant only to be done around Easter or when a person was on their deathbed. Taking confession before leaving for battle merely allowed the person to fight with some peace of mind. If they were to be killed in battle, they would be reassured their soul would enter the pearly gates of Heaven. In the last fifteen minutes while Professor Gordon took questions from the audience, a woman asked if the men requested forgiveness for the lives they were to take in battle. The response? No! This surprised me for a minute, but listening to the explanation, it made more sense. They honestly believed they were killing in the name of God and that those who died by their sword were meant to be killed. No forgiveness was needed.
The next step was to undo all the wrongs committed during their lifetimes. They had to improve relations with anyone they may have hurt over the years as well as return any money they may have earned unjustly. I can't imagine they actually were able to undo EVERY wrong, but I guess they must have made a pretty good effort...
Prayer was extremely important. They prayed for strength and protection from God and the saints. They even saw death and injury on the battle field as the saints method of testing those fighting. Prayers were done individually, but most were embedded in elaborate ceremonies.
The blessing of weapons was such a ceremony. Each individual celebrated the ceremony at the church with the most meaning to them. They picked the one they grew up in or wanted to be buried by or something of that sort. The blessing of arrows was supposed to be done on January 20th because that was the day of Saint Sebastian. He is said to have been shot by many arrows after being caught protecting and acting as a Christian during the Roman emperor Diocletian's persecution of Christians. Seems like a strange day to pick, but I guess it works!
The vesting of the shield followed. They blessed each shield to protect both the body and soul of whoever may hold it. It was blessed in the name of the Holy Trinity.
The creation and publishing of a will was simply meant to be a way to hope for salvation and forgiveness.
(These last two seemed pretty rushed. Must have been a time constraint or something...)
A few other tid bits of information I found interesting were: some crusaders actually requested to be branded with a cross prior to battle... today tattooing is a far more common choice, crusaders did not have a "willingness for war" but rather a "hope for returning", most weapons were actually given holy names, Mary was seen as a protector who would watch over her "adopted sons" in battle, her figure was printed on flags carried out to war.